Who owns what you eat, watch, drive, and pay

Your Handlers

You don't pick from a market. You pick from a menu someone else assembled. The brands look like choices; the owners are a much shorter list. Here's the shape of it — and the receipts, one tap away, if you want them.

Updated 2026-05-07 · Every chain verified against filings, court records, and primary sources. Corrections: tbs@thewake.news.

Mechanism 1 — The rollup

One private-equity firm quietly buys up an entire category, then keeps the old brand names on the doors. The "competitors" on the shelf answer to the same owner. The price war is theater; the lobbying is shared.

Mechanism 2 — The overlap

Three index-fund giants — Vanguard, BlackRock, State Street — are simultaneously top-three owners of nearly every public "competitor" in a sector. They don't run the companies. They vote the shares — usually ~18–22% of every rival at once.

Almost everything below is one of these two. Once you can tell which, the aisle of "choices" collapses into a handful of names.

How big is it? ~13.3 million U.S. workers · ~7% of GDP Headcount and economic share of companies backed by U.S. private-equity firms in 2024 — and that's just the rollup half. Source: EY-AIC, "Economic contribution of the US private equity sector in 2024," March 2025. The AIC is the PE industry's own trade group — treat this as a self-reported upper bound. There's no clean academic figure for "share of spending flowing through a PE-owned company," which is exactly why this page lists names instead of a percentage.

Tap any line below for scope, sources, and recent changes. Skim the bold names if that's all you want — that's the whole point.

Food

The aisle looks like 200 choices. It's closer to ten owners plus the three index funds.

PECerberus Capital Albertsons Safeway, Vons, Jewel-Osco, Acme, Shaw's, Tom Thumb, Randalls, Star Market, Haggen, Carrs Albertsons 10-K, Feb 2025. Cerberus retains ~28–30%.

Scope

2,270 stores across 34 states + DC. 1,728 in-store pharmacies. 22 distribution centers. ~918 Safeway, ~379 Albertsons, ~188 Jewel-Osco, plus Vons, Acme, Shaw's, Tom Thumb, Pavilions, Star Market, Carrs, Haggen, Randalls, United Supermarkets, Kings, Balducci's.

Recent material change

The Kroger-Albertsons merger ($24.6B) was blocked December 10, 2024 by Judge Adrienne Nelson (D. Or., FTC preliminary injunction), with a parallel Washington ruling. Albertsons terminated Dec 11 and sued Kroger for breach in Delaware; Kroger counterclaimed Jan 2025. Ongoing.

Albertsons 10-K, Feb 22 2025; FTC v. Kroger, D. Or. Dec 10 2024; Albertsons v. Kroger, Del. Ch., filed Dec 11 2024.

HoldingJAB Holding (Reimann family) Peet's, Panera, Caribou, Krispy Kreme, Pret, Einstein Bros JAB Holdings 2024 annual report.

Coffee & breakfast portfolio

  • JDE Peet's: Jacobs, Douwe Egberts, Peet's, Tassimo, L'OR, Stumptown, Intelligentsia
  • Keurig Dr Pepper: minority/strategic stake
  • Panera Brands: Panera Bread, Caribou Coffee, Einstein Bros Bagels
  • Pret A Manger, Krispy Kreme (partial float), Espresso House

The Reimann family also runs a separate veterinary holding (see Pet care).

JAB Holdings 2024 annual report; jabholco.com portfolio.

PERoark Capital Subway, Dunkin', Arby's, Buffalo Wild Wings, Sonic, Jimmy John's, Cinnabon, Auntie Anne's, Carl's Jr. Roark portfolio; QSR Magazine, Apr 30 2024.

One of the largest U.S. restaurant portfolios

  • Inspire Brands: Arby's, Buffalo Wild Wings, Sonic, Jimmy John's, Dunkin', Baskin-Robbins, Rusty Taco
  • Subway: acquired Apr 2024 (~$9.55B); held separately from Inspire
  • FOCUS Brands: Cinnabon, Auntie Anne's, Jamba, Carvel, Schlotzsky's, McAlister's, Moe's
  • CKE: Hardee's, Carl's Jr. · Massage Envy · stake in Wendy's

See Auto services for Roark's Driven Brands rollup.

Roark Capital portfolio; QSR Magazine, "Subway Finalizes Sale to Roark Capital," Apr 30 2024.

IndexBlackRock + Vanguard + State Street top-3 owners of every major listed food company at once SEC 13F filings, Q4 2025 cross-check.

The same three are top-3 holders — usually ~18–22% of the float combined — at Kraft Heinz, General Mills, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, Mondelez, Tyson, Hormel, ConAgra and most of the listed CPG sector. Index funds don't choose to compete; they must hold everything in the index. So three firms hold ~20% of every "competitor" simultaneously, and their proxy votes set the cost of corporate disagreement.

SEC Form 13F (quarterly), Q4 2025. See Bebchuk & Hirst, "The Specter of the Giant Three," B.U. Law Review, 2019.

Public3G Capital Burger King, Tim Hortons, Popeyes, Firehouse Subs (+ Skechers, AB InBev legacy) CNBC, Apr 9 2024. Note: 3G exited Kraft Heinz in 2023.

3G no longer owns Kraft Heinz — it exited its remaining 16.1% in Q4 2023. Pop-finance still pairs them; that's out of date.

  • Restaurant Brands International: Burger King, Tim Hortons, Popeyes, Firehouse Subs
  • AB InBev (legacy), Hunter Douglas, Skechers (take-private ~$9.42B, May 2025)

CNBC, Apr 9 2024; Kraft Heinz 8-K filings; Skechers acquisition release, May 2025.

Pet care

The vet who recommends a kibble may work for the company that makes it.

PrivateMars, Inc. (Mars family) ~3,000 vet hospitals + most pet-food brands you know Mars Petcare directory; Mars-VCA close, Sept 2017.

Pet-food brands

Pedigree, Whiskas, Royal Canin, Iams, Eukanuba, Nutro, Cesar, Sheba, Greenies, Temptations, Crave, plus Champion Petfoods (Acana, Orijen).

Veterinary networks

  • Banfield (~1,000, often inside PetSmart), BluePearl (~100+ specialty)
  • VCA (~1,000; acquired Jan 2017, $9.1B), AniCura (EU), Linnaeus (UK)

~3,000+ hospitals globally; roughly 8% of the U.S. veterinary market.

Mars Petcare brand directory; Mars-VCA take-private closed Sept 2017.

HoldingJAB Holding (separate vet arm) NVA (~1,400 GP clinics) + Ethos (~145 specialty) AVMA news 2023; JAB release June 2019.

JAB bought Compassion-First (Feb 2019, $1.2B) and NVA (June 2019, from Ares). Merged, then split in 2023 into Ethos Veterinary Health (~145 specialty) and NVA (~1,400 general practice). Both reportedly being prepped for separate IPOs.

AVMA news, "NVA splits into two businesses," 2023; JAB press release, June 2019.

Healthcare

Sometimes they own the hospital. Sometimes the company that sends the bill. Sometimes your doctor too.

PublicUnitedHealth Group the insurer + ~10% of U.S. doctors + a top-3 PBM + the biggest claims clearinghouse UNH 2024 10-K; AMA / Healthcare Dive.

The vertical stack

  • UnitedHealthcare — largest U.S. insurer, ~52M members
  • Optum Health — ~90,000 physicians, ~10% of U.S. doctors; largest employer of physicians
  • OptumRx — one of the three largest PBMs (with CVS Caremark, Express Scripts)
  • Change Healthcare — claims clearinghouse (2022, ~$13B); its Feb 2024 ransomware attack froze claims nationwide for weeks

Same parent owns the insurer that approves the procedure, the doctor who orders it, the PBM that prices the drug, and the pipe that processes the bill. Each part is disclosed; the combination is the point.

UNH 2024 10-K; AMA Physician Practice Benchmark 2024; Healthcare Dive, Feb–Apr 2024.

PE-exitedCerberus · Steward Health Care (2010–2020) Chapter 11, May 2024 (under later owner) S.D. Tex. Case 24-90213; Senate HELP report 2024.

Sequencing matters

Cerberus owned Steward 2010–2020, reportedly extracting ~$1.3B before exiting. The chain filed Chapter 11 on May 6, 2024 under later owners with $9B+ in liabilities — the largest U.S. hospital bankruptcy in decades. Cerberus was four years gone.

Fallout

Carney Hospital (Dorchester) and Nashoba Valley (Ayer) closed Aug 2024; FL and OH facilities drew no bidders. Boston Medical Center bought St. Elizabeth's + Good Samaritan ($140M). Apollo provided a $920M loan to the MPT JV holding Steward's real estate and now controls eight former MA hospitals via a successor entity.

S.D. Tex. Case 24-90213; Senate HELP Committee report 2024; Mass.gov Steward transitions portal.

PE-exitedKKR · Envision Healthcare (2018–2023) Chapter 11 May 2023; KKR equity wiped S.D. Tex. Case 23-90342.

KKR took Envision private in a $9.9B LBO (May 2018). It filed Chapter 11 on May 15, 2023; split into Envision Physician Services and AMSURG. KKR's equity was wiped; the pre-petition first-lien lenders (Centerbridge, Angelo Gordon, Pimco) took over.

S.D. Tex. Case 23-90342; Healthcare Dive, Nov 2023.

Housing & single-family rentals

Your offer didn't lose to another family. It lost to a fund with cheaper capital and no contingencies.

REIT/PEBlackstone Invitation Homes (~84,700) + Tricon Residential (~38,000) Blackstone "Tricon Privatization," May 1 2024.
  • Invitation Homes — ~84,700 SFR homes (Q3 2023). Blackstone took it public in 2017; BREIT is a large indirect owner.
  • Tricon Residential — ~38,000 SFR homes. Taken private by Blackstone + BREIT for $3.5B; closed May 1, 2024.

Blackstone, "Completes Privatization of Tricon," May 1 2024.

PE/REITPretium + American Homes 4 Rent ~190,000 single-family rentals combined Progress Residential ABS; AMH 2024 10-K.
  • Pretium (Progress Residential) — 97,000+ SFR (Apr 2024)
  • American Homes 4 Rent — 90,000–100,000 SFR (2025 10-Q)

Progress Residential ABS disclosures; AMH 2024 10-K.

Local news

When a fund owns the paper that would otherwise cover the fund, the paper covers something else.

HedgeAlden Global Capital Chicago Tribune, NY Daily News, Denver Post, Mercury News, OC Register, Orlando Sentinel, Sun-Sentinel … NPR / Inquirer, Tribune sale, May 2021.

Via MediaNews Group + Tribune Publishing: ~68 dailies + 300+ weeklies — 2nd-largest U.S. newspaper owner by circulation, after Gannett. Dailies include the Chicago Tribune, NY Daily News, Denver Post, San Jose Mercury News, OC Register, Boston Herald, Hartford Courant, Orlando Sentinel, Sun-Sentinel, St. Paul Pioneer Press, LA Daily News, Allentown Morning Call.

The Baltimore Sun was sold Jan 15, 2024 to David D. Smith (Sinclair) — no longer Alden-owned, despite dated commentary.

NPR, Tribune sale, May 2021; Inquirer, Feb 2021.

Eyecare

The "designer" frame and the "budget" frame at LensCrafters are made by the same company — which also owns LensCrafters.

PublicEssilorLuxottica Ray-Ban, Oakley, Persol, LensCrafters, Sunglass Hut, Pearle Vision, Target Optical EssilorLuxottica 2024 Universal Registration Doc.

Owned brands

Ray-Ban, Oakley, Persol, Oliver Peoples, Vogue, Costa Del Mar, Arnette, Native.

Licensed designer eyewear (made by them)

Chanel, Prada, Burberry, Versace, Tiffany, Michael Kors, Dolce & Gabbana, Tory Burch, Coach, Ralph Lauren, Brooks Brothers.

Retail & online

LensCrafters (~1,098), Sunglass Hut (~3,131), Pearle Vision, Target Optical, GrandVision, plus EyeBuyDirect, FramesDirect, Glasses.com. 2025 revenue ~€28.5B; >50% of the global sunglasses market.

EssilorLuxottica 2024 Universal Registration Document.

Childcare

Your daughter's daycare and your sister's across town probably share an investor.

PEPartners Group (Swiss PE) KinderCare (~71% post-IPO) KinderCare S-1; Partners Group, Oct 2024.

Partners Group owns KinderCare. (Common confusion: KKR owned it in the early 2000s, then Knowledge Universe, then Partners Group in 2015 — it's not a KKR company now.) IPO'd Oct 9, 2024 ($576M raised, ~$2.8B valuation); Partners Group retains ~71%.

KinderCare S-1 (SEC CIK 0001873529); Partners Group release, Oct 2024.

IndexBright Horizons top holders Vanguard, BlackRock, T. Rowe Price, Wellington BFAM DEF 14A; aggregated 13F.

Public company; largest holders are the same index names that dominate everything else. Ownership is diffuse on paper, concentrated in proxy votes.

BFAM most recent DEF 14A; aggregated 13F (quarterly, SEC).

Funeral homes

The "family-owned" funeral home may have been bought 15 years ago and rebranded.

PublicService Corporation International 1,485 funeral homes + 500 cemeteries; ~16% of U.S. death care SCI Q4 2024 earnings, Feb 12 2025.

1,485 funeral locations, 500 cemeteries across 44 states, 8 Canadian provinces, DC, Puerto Rico. Visible brands: Dignity Memorial, National Cremation Society, Advantage Funeral & Cremation, Funeraria del Angel. ~16% of U.S. death care — ~3–4× the next competitor; ~$4.4B 2024 revenue. Top holders: Vanguard, BlackRock, State Street.

SCI Q4 2024 earnings, Feb 12 2025; SCI 10-K.

Auto services

Your "neighborhood" oil-change place may share a back office with the body shop two towns over.

PERoark Capital Driven Brands Take 5, Meineke, Maaco, CARSTAR, ABRA Driven Brands 2024 10-K.

Roark has majority-owned Driven Brands since the 2015 LBO (IPO'd 2021, control retained). Stack: Take 5 Oil Change, Meineke, Maaco, CARSTAR, ABRA, 1-800-Radiator, Auto-Lab, Take 5 Car Wash. 2024 revenue $2.34B.

Driven Brands 2024 10-K; company release.

IndexPublic dealer rollups AutoNation, Group 1, Lithia, Penske, Asbury, Sonic SEC 13F, quarterly.

The major dealer chains are all public with the same top holders — Vanguard, BlackRock, State Street, Dimensional: AutoNation, Group 1, Lithia, Penske, Asbury, Sonic Automotive.

SEC Form 13F (quarterly), aggregated.

Mobile home parks & self-storage

You can own the home and still pay a stranger for the dirt under it — and they can raise the rent on the dirt almost anytime.

REITSun Communities + Equity LifeStyle ~350,000 mobile-home + RV sites combined Sun Communities & ELS 2024 10-Ks.
  • Sun Communities: 667 properties / ~180,000 sites across 39 states + Canada + UK
  • Equity LifeStyle: 450 properties / 171,477 sites

Combined ~350,000 homesites — the dominant share of institutionally-owned parks and RV resorts.

Sun Communities 2024 10-K; ELS 2024 10-K.

REITPublic Storage + Extra Space + CubeSmart ~31–35% of U.S. self-storage Multi-Housing News, Oct 2024.

Public Storage, Extra Space, CubeSmart, plus National Storage Affiliates and U-Haul hold ~31–35.5% of U.S. self-storage (Oct 2024). Extra Space passed Public Storage as largest operator after the $12.7B Life Storage merger (July 2023); 4,200+ locations.

Multi-Housing News, Oct 2024; SpareFoot 2025.

The rest of the map

Big sectors we haven't mapped yet

Verified chains only go up above. Same pattern, not yet written up:

  • Big Tech — Google, Meta, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft: Vanguard, BlackRock, State Street top-3 on all five.
  • Big banks — JPMorgan, BofA, Wells Fargo, Citi. Same.
  • Pharma — Pfizer, J&J, AbbVie, Merck, plus deep PE in specialty rollups.
  • Defense — Lockheed, RTX, Northrop, General Dynamics.
  • Telecom — AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile.
  • Agriculture — Bayer/Monsanto, Corteva, ADM, Cargill (private), Tyson/JBS meat oligopoly.
  • Dental (Heartland, Aspen) · Dialysis (DaVita, Fresenius) · Education publishing.

Have a chain with receipts? tbs@thewake.news.

Where to look instead

This isn't about guilt over a sandwich. Once the cap table is visible, you can choose differently when it matters to you. The standard: fewer layers between the work and the money.

Lower-concentration options, by category

Food

  • Food co-ops (~350 member-owned; Cooperative Grocer Network)
  • CSAs & farmers markets (USDA Local Food Directory)
  • ALDI, Trader Joe's, Wegmans, Publix — private/employee-owned

Pet care

  • Independent vets — ask if locally owned (AVMA won't filter)
  • Smaller food brands — Open Farm, Carna4, Ziwi (verify owner)

Healthcare

  • FQHCs — ~1,400 sliding-scale centers (findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov)
  • Direct Primary Care — flat fee, no middleman (dpcfrontier.com)
  • Community / non-profit hospitals

Housing

  • Community Land Trusts (~280; Center for CLT Innovation)
  • Housing co-ops & tenants' unions

News

  • AP & Reuters — the wires everyone reprints
  • NPR member stations; independent nonprofits (Project Oasis)

Eyecare

  • Local optometrists — ask if frames are non-Essilor
  • Warby Parker — in-house frames (verify others' parents)

Childcare

  • Parent co-ops & registered home-based providers
  • Family-run independents — ask about ownership

Funeral

  • Funeral Consumers Alliance (~80 affiliates; funerals.org)
  • Home funerals & green burial (Green Burial Council)

Auto

  • Independent mechanics — ~70% of shops (AAA / RepairPal)
  • Independent body shops — you can decline the insurer's "preferred" list

Mobile home parks

  • Resident-Owned Communities (ROC USA, 320+ conversions)
  • Right-of-first-refusal laws (NH, MA, ME & others)

How to read this

This is not a conspiracy. It's a filing list — every chain is in public disclosures: 10-Ks, court records, company releases, primary news. It feels conspiratorial only because no one assembles it for you. Spot an error or a missing chain? Send the receipt: tbs@thewake.news.